头晃动是什么病的前兆
 | Note: This template is used on a lot of pages. In order not to put too much load on the servers, edits should be kept to a bare minimum. Please discuss proposed changes on the talk page first.
Afterwards, changes can initially be done at and tested with Template:LangSwitch/sandbox.
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 | This template is used in system messages. Changes to it can cause immediate changes to the Wikimedia user interface. To avoid major disruption, any changes should be tested in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Please discuss changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
Provides a method to present a string of text selected from an array of many language translations in the language set in the user's preferences or the most appropriate fallback language.
The template automatically sets the following categories: Category:Internationalization templates using LangSwitch
Usage
{{LangSwitch
|en =
|xx =
|default =
}}
Warning: This template SHOULD NOT be used out of software interface purpose. For example it SHOULD NOT be used to manage multilingual description of the subject of a media or a category or whatsoever.
Template parameters
- TemplateData
TemplateData is a way to store information about template parameters (the description of those and of the whole template) for both humans and machines. It is used by VisualEditor and possibly other tools like Upload Wizard.
Existing template documentation
At Wikimedia Commons, it is recommended to use {{TemplateBox}} with either useTemplateData=1 or useTemplateData=only on the /doc subpage and transcluding it with {{Documentation}} into the template. <nowiki>-tags can be wrapped around the arguments, if required, to avoid templates being expanded.
Newly created template documentation and imports
Another option, especially for imported templates, or for users with JSON experience, is placing raw <templatedata>-tags into the Wikitext of the template, as described in various Wikipediae.
Wikipedia's help about TemplateData ? Commons-specific information
Provides a method to present a string of text selected from an array of many language translations in the language set in the user's preferences or the most appropriate fallback language.
| Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Default fallback | default | Default text to return in case none of the languages specified with the “xx=text” options match the language selected by the “lang=” option (or the language selected in user's preferences, if that option is not specified); by default, the English version (if provided in the “en=text” parameter) will be shown, otherwise a error message will be returned.
| String | suggested |
| English | en | Text in the English language. Unless the “default=” option is used, this text will also be returned by default if none of the languages provided match the language selected in the optional “lang=” option (or the language selected in the user's preferences, if that last option is not specified). If you do not want to show any text when the user's language is English, then use “en=~”. | String | required |
| Language code | lang | Language code (only needs to be provided if the language displayed is to be fixed and independent of the user’s preferences). Note that specifying “{{#if: {{{lang|}}} | {{{lang|}}} | {{Int:Lang}} }}” in this value is usually not necessary, unless one wants to override the default target language.
| String | optional |
| No category? | nocat | “nocat=1” will overwrite the default behavior which tracks (in the “LangSwitch template without default version” category page) the incorrect uses of this template, where none of the two options “en=text in English” or “default=text by default” is specified with a non-empty value. | String | optional |
| Translation | xx | Text translated in language with code “xx” (the parameter name “xx” can be any supported language code, conforming to the BCP 47 or ISO 639-1 standards). Use “xx=~” if you do not want any text (not even the default text) in this specific language. You may also map multiple languages to the same text by using “{{LangSwitch?|xx/yy/zz=text?}}”, which is equivalent to “{{LangSwitch?|xx=text?|yy=text?|zz=text?}}”. You can specify as many such parameters as needed for each translated language. | String | optional |
Additional information
The template is intended to be used in the following namespaces: no namespace specified
The template is intended to be used by the following user groups: all users
Relies on:
Module:LangSwitch
See also
- {{Autotranslate}} for template internationalization (i18n) mechanism for templates that use named parameters
- {{Fallback}} and {{SuperFallback}}, based on {{GetFallback}} and {{GetFallback2}})
- {{Multilingual link}}
- Category:Internationalization templates using LangSwitch
- {{Multilingual description}}, not using LangSwitch or any fallbacks, but generating vertical lists of translated texts or arbitrary length (without any English or default language requirement) in separate paragraphs; the rendered list is collapsible by a language selection menu at top of the rendered page (it is collapsed by default to show only the user's preferred or selected language, if it matches exactly).
- {{Translation table}}, not using LangSwitch or any fallbacks, but generating horizontal lists of translations (without any English or default language requirement); the rendered list is statically displaying all the provided languages, and this template is intended for translating just one term or short expression (otherwise the previous template should be used).
Localization
This template is not intended to be localized.
| I18n templates: | {{Multilingual description|lang= |de,en,default=Deutsch/English |fr=fran?ais |... }} |
{{de|Deutsch}} {{en|English}} {{fr|fran?ais}} ... |
{{LangSwitch|lang= |de,en,default=Deutsch/English |fr=fran?ais |... }} |
{{Autotranslate}} | {{tnt}} | Language-aware transclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recommended use at | Categories, galleries | File description pages (deprecated, can be safely replaced by {{Multilingual description}}) | Small templates, whenever the previous options are not suitable (removes the visual indication of the language before each translated text) | Data tables with translated cells or larger templates, when used on pages that do not have language subpages (e.g. not having Main page/en, Main page/de) and where the language displayed will be automatically determined by the language set in user preferences
|
Data tables with translated cells or larger templates, when used on pages that do have language subpages; most of the time these will be pages prepared with the Translate Extension | Data tables with translated cells or larger templates, when used on pages that do have language subpages; the transcluded page needs to be prepared with the Translate Extension, the transcluding page needs to be either prepared with the Translate Extension, or have the page language set by a translation administrator |
| Requires JavaScript enabled for folding | Yes | No | ||||
| Folding can be disabled by user | Yes | No | ||||
| Folding is done server-side | No | Yes | ||||
| Folding when at least n languages are provided | 1 (all translations are shown without folding if the preferred language selected by the user has no matching translation) | 4 | 1 | |||
| Detection of duplicate, incorrect, or unsupported language codes | Yes | No | Yes | Duplicate language codes are impossible by design. Incorrect or unsupported codes are never displayed, but not reported. The Translate extension's interface (if it's used on the translation subpages) doesn't let the user create translations with invalid codes, but other methods (e.g. entering the translation's URL directly) allow it without any warning. | ||
| Allows the same translation to be used for several languages | Yes | No | Yes | |||
| Supports language fallbacks | No | Yes | No | |||
| Collation order of languages (when not folded) | Consistent order by native language name, languages grouped by script:
|
As provided by the user in the wikitext (any inconsistent order may be difficult to lookup visually) | N/A | |||
| Search indexing issues | No (all translations are included on the same page, however search results may be less relevant with many languages mixed) | Yes (may not index all languages depending on search engines, unless there's a list of links for visiting other languages) | Partially (where used; language subpages of templates are indexed) | No (translated pages should include a <languages/> navigation bar for visiting other languages)
| ||
| Page size issues | Yes (may exhaust size or time limits in the wiki parser if many languages are included; larger pages to download for all visitors; slower navigation for visitors with slow Internet access; may be costly for visitors with limited data plans) | No (only the content for the selected language or a suitable fallback language is present in the generated page) | ||||
| Contains expensive parser functions | No | Yes, checks for several translations along the fallback chain until finds a suitable | Yes, 2–4 checks per call | No | ||
Examples
Without a default option
Here are a few examples showing template behavior for three languages: English, Italian and Corsican (which defaults to Italian if Corsican text is not available):
| Test | Code | lang=en | lang=it | lang=co |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No en; default | {{LangSwitch|it=Italian|default=default}} | default | Italian | Italian |
| No en; no default | {{LangSwitch|it=Italian|co=Corsu}} | LangSwitch Error: no default[1] | LangSwitch Error: no default[1] | LangSwitch Error: no default[1] |
| en; default | {{LangSwitch|en=English|co=Corsu|default=default}} | English | default | Corsu |
| en; no default | {{LangSwitch|en=English|co=Corsu}} | English | English | Corsu |
| en; skip default | {{LangSwitch|en=English|co=Corsu|default=~}} | English | Corsu | |
| en; empty default | {{LangSwitch|en=English|co=Corsu|default=}} | English | English | Corsu |
| Skip en; default | {{LangSwitch|en=~|it=Italian|default=default}} | Italian | Italian | |
| Skip en; no default | {{LangSwitch|en=~|it=Italian}} | Italian | Italian | |
| Empty en; no default | {{LangSwitch|en=|it=Italian}} | LangSwitch Error: no default[1] | Italian | LangSwitch Error: no default[1] |
| en; default; skip it | {{LangSwitch|en=English|it=~|co=Corsu|default=default}} | English | Corsu | |
| en; default; empty it | {{LangSwitch|en=English|it=|co=Corsu|default=default}} | English | default | Corsu |
| en; no default; skip it | {{LangSwitch|en=English|it=~|co=Corsu}} | English | Corsu | |
| Forced "lang=co" | {{LangSwitch|en=English|co=Corsu|default=default|lang=co}} | Corsu | Corsu | Corsu |
Default option
The default option is intended for providing more language independent option. For example:
{{LangSwitch
|de={{Wd|Warschau}}
|en={{W|Warsaw}}
|fr={{Wf|Varsovie}}
|ja={{W日|ワルシャワ}}
|pl={{WP|Warszawa}}
|ru={{Wr|Варшава}}
|default=[[d:Q270]]
}}
provides a link to Wikipedia articles in case one of the languages provided matches user's language but will link to Commons gallery page (Warsaw) if any other language is used.
The expression {{W|Q270||d}} is equivalent to the shorter [[d:Q270]] (it just does not show the “d:”).
Combination of multiple languages in the same option
“{{LangSwitch |de=Grün |es/it/pt=Verde |fr=Vert |en=Green |lang={{{lang|{{int:lang}}}}} }}” gives “Green” for the language with code en.
Note that several language codes (separated by /) are combined in the same parameter name, when these languages are mapped to the same output text (this helps simplifying usages).
However this combination still does not work correctly for the language code en if there’s no parameter default= or en= specified separately (when this occurs, this template still returns a usage error message[1]).
Returning empty texts
- “
red{{LangSwitch |en=~ |default= ({{I18n/red}}) }}”, - “
bleu{{LangSwitch |fr=~ |default= ({{I18n/blue}}) }}”, and - “
orange{{LangSwitch |en/fr=~ |default= ({{I18n/orange}}) }}”
are respectively and conditionally appending parenthesized translations of
- the standard English term “red” in (when the current user language is not standard English, or simple English, or any language where standard English is a predefined fallback),
- the standard French term “bleu” (when the current user language is not standard French, or Cajun French, or any language where standard French is a predefined fallback), and
- the standard English or French term “orange” (when the current user language is not standard French or English, or any language where standard French or English is a predefined fallback):
| red | bleu (blue) | orange (blue) |
Notes